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State Anthem of the Soviet Union
The "State Anthem of the USSR" () was introduced during World War II on 15 March 1944, replacing ''The Internationale'' as the official anthem of the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945) and the music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946).
==History==
The Anthem of the Soviet Union was played for the first time on the Soviet radio at midnight on 1 January 1944.〔(Гимн СССР (1943) )〕 The 1944 lyrics had three different refrains following three different stanzas; in each refrain, the second line was consequently modified with references to friendship, then happiness and finally to glory. Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union's war against Nazi Germany were originally invoked in the lyrics.
With the process of de-Stalinization inaugurated after Stalin's death, the lyrics which referred to Stalin were considered unacceptable and the anthem was performed without lyrics. A notable exception took place at the 1976 Canada Cup ice hockey tournament, where the singer Roger Doucet insisted on performing the anthem with lyrics, after consultations with Russian studies scholars from Université de Montréal and the Soviet team officials.〔http://www2.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/opinion/story.html?id=185e0d97-a22c-4088-9c5e-d70c2c25094c&p=1〕〔http://www.greatesthockeylegends.com/2010/04/how-roger-doucet-wrote-soviet-national.html〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20090913073204/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/sports/Cold/1975038/story.html〕 In 1977, to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution, revised lyrics, earlier written in 1970 by the original author Sergey Mikhalkov, were adopted. The varying refrains were replaced by a uniform refrain following all stanzas; the line praising Stalin was dropped, as were the lines referring to the Great Patriotic War.
There is reason to believe that the music actually predates A. Alexandrov and the Soviet Union, and originates with Ukrainian composer Yury Piasetsky (Юрій Пясецький). Members of the Ukrainian Scout Movement "Plast" have noted that the tune is identical or near-identical to the Plast anthem "Plastovy Obit" (The Plast Oath), composed about 1912 by Piasetsky to words by Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky (Oлександр Тисовський), Plast's founder. The words and music are found in various handbooks and songbooks of Plast, as well. The first line reads: "V pozhezhakh vsesvitnykh, u lunakh kryvavykh". The original Piasetsky anthem actually glorifies the movement for Ukrainian independence, which the Plast organization supported.〔Д-р O. Tисoвський, "Життя в Пласті" (handbook, "Life in Plast"), various editions; see also "Пластові пісні" ("Plast Songbook"), various editions. For a video showing the song performed, see "Пластовий Обіт".〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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